Skip to main content
Rangahau · Matakitenga project

Combatting bias in schools: A Kaupapa Māori study into students’ experiences of racism by Māori, with Māori, for the benefit of Māori

About this research

Project Summary 

Teachers are increasingly tasked with acknowledging their racial biases and the resulting impacts on their students’ learning and wellbeing. However, anti-bias trainings are typically generalised learning experiences with little effect. Through focus groups with Māori students in Northland schools, this project identified common incidents of racism. 

The initial project objective was to shine a light on Māori students’ experiences of racism in Aotearoa schools; longer-term, the study findings were to inform the creation of a virtual reality intervention in which teachers embody students’ perspectives in order to surface and change teachers’ deep-seated racism. 

By researching the experiences of Māori students by Māori researchers, using Māori methodologies, and for the benefit of Māori and all we sought to centre students’ experiences to ultimately improve schooling outcomes and experiences, both social and academic. Student voices can act as a lever for change by confronting teachers’ beliefs and behaviours.

Research Questions

  1. In what ways do Māori students experience racism in Aotearoa schools?
  2. How can these experiences inform the creation of a virtual reality intervention to combat teacher beliefs and behaviours?

Lead Researcher

Dr Maia Hetaraka, Ngāti Wai, Ngāi Tahu, Ngā Puhi, Ngāti Paoa, Te Papa Ako o te Tai Tokerau

Research Team

Dr Jo Smith , University of Auckland

Dr Frauke Meyer, University of Auckland

Prof Christine Rubie-Davies , University of Auckland

Assoc Prof Heather Came-Friar, Pākehā, Auckland University of Technology

Justice-Te Amorangi Hetaraka, Ngāti Wai, Ngāi Tahu, Ngā Puhi, University of Auckland

Highlights

  • Open hui in July 2022 to introduce the project to the community
  • Multiple engagements with local high schools and kāhui kaumātua
  • Recruitment hui in December 2022
  • Wānanga-based data collection and co-analysis with participants
  • Final consultation in May 2024 to confirm the poetic representations of findings
  • Around 20 collaboratively produced creative works emerged from the study
  • Writing retreats for the PI and research assistant ensured a deeply collaborative process

Despite growing calls for anti-racism in education, many interventions fall short of meaningful impact. This kaupapa Māori project listened directly to Māori students in Northland to document their lived experiences of racism in schools. These insights are now laying the groundwork for an innovative intervention: a virtual reality (VR) simulation that allows teachers to experience the classroom from the student’s perspective. The ultimate aim? To shift beliefs, behaviours, and institutional norms — creating culturally safe learning spaces where Māori can thrive.

Kairangahau · Researchers

Ētahi atu · Other projects

Research Programme

21-24RP01He oranga whānau: mahi ngātahi: Whānau livelihoods within the context of work and Māori economies of wellbeing
Kaiārahi · Project lead Professor Chellie Spiller
Whare wānanga · Host University of Waikato
Matakitenga · Framework
Wā rangahau · Timeline Commenced 2022 · Completed 2025

He oranga whānau: mahi ngātahi: Whānau livelihoods within the context of work and Māori economies of wellbeing. These groundbreaking works celebrate Māori futures rooted in kaupapa Māori values while fostering pathways for responsible relationships, meaningful lives, and flourishing Indigenous wellbeing economies. By emphasising the central role of whānau…

View project

Internship project

21-22INT10Investigating traditional mahinga kai practices of preservation throughout Aotearoa
Whare wānanga · Host University of Otago
Matakitenga · Framework
Wā rangahau · Timeline Commenced 2021 · Completed 2022

This internship compiled a database of traditional Māori food preservation practices to better understand archaeological midden sites and mahinga kai history. Working with Otago’s SPAR team, the project links historical knowledge with contemporary preservation techniques across Aotearoa.

View project

Doctoral thesis

22PHD03Ahakoa he iti, he pounamu: How do wahine Māori nurses utilise mātauranga Māori as a means to address health equity in Te Tai Tokerau?
Whare wānanga · Host Waipapa Taumata Rau, University of Auckland
Matakitenga · Framework
Wā rangahau · Timeline Commenced 2023 · Completed 2026

PHD Candidate: Coral Wiapo (Ngati Whātua) Primary Supervisor(s): Dr Sue Adams Work is underway in Te Tai Tokerau to strengthen the Māori nursing workforce by supporting kaimahi to enter the nursing profession; and registered nurses to advance their scope of practice to become nurse prescribers or nurse practitioners (NPs). Improving access to healthcare for…

View project